【cost的用法】cost，spend.take的用法_英语_FaN乩
编辑： admin 2017-13-06
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cost,spend,take的用法区别
一、根据主语辨析
虽然三者均可表示“花费”,但所用主语不同：cost 的主语通常是事或物(包括形式主语 it),不能是人；spend 的主语只能是人,不能是事或物；take的主语可以是事或物(包括形式主语 it),也可以是人.如：
The computer cost (me) $2000. 这台电脑花了(我) 2000 美元.
It costs $1000 a year to run a car. 使用一辆车每年要花1000美元.
I have spent all day looking for you. 我花了一整天找你.
It took me an hour to write the letter. 我写这封信花了一个小时.
The letter took me an hour (to write). (译文同上)
I took an hour to write the letter. (译文同上)
注：若 cost 不是表示“花费”,而是表示客观上地或被动地“耗费”,则也可用人作主语.如：
Smokers cost the government a lot of money every year. 抽烟的人每年要耗费政府不少钱.
二、根据宾语辨析
cost 的宾语通常是钱,take 的宾语通常是时间,而 spend 的宾语则可以是时间或钱.如：
How much did it cost to build the bridge? 建这座桥花了多少钱?
It took her two hours to walk to the station. 走路去车站花了她两小时.
He spends much time (money) on books. 他花了很多时间读(钱买)书.
注：cost 有时也用于时间,但通常只用于笼统时间(一般不用于具体明确的时间).如：
Making experiments like this costs much time and labour. 做这样的实验要花很多时间和劳力.
按传统语法,take 的宾语通常是时间,但在现代英语中,用钱作其宾语的现象已很普遍.如：
It takes a lot of money to buy a house. 买一座房子要花一大笔钱.
三、根据句型辨析
从句型结构来看.三者的通常句型为：
sth costs (sb) money 某物花某人多少钱
it costs (sb) money to do sth 做某事花某人多少钱
sb spends time (money) on sth 某人在某一方面花多少钱
sb spends time (money) in [on] doing sth 某人在做某事方面花多少钱
it takes sb time (money) to do sth = it takes time (money) for sb to do sth 做某事花某人多少时间或钱
sth takes sb time (money) to do 某事花某人多少时间或钱去做
sb takes time (money) to do 某人花多少时间或钱去做某事
四、根据语态辨析
三者在表示“花费”时,cost 不能用于被动语态,take 通常不用于被动语态,而 spend 则可以用于被动语态.如：
误：Thirty dollars was cost by the coat.
误：Two hours was taken to do the work.
正：Two hours was spent on the work. 做这工作花了两个小时.
五、根据引申义辨析
三者均可用于比喻用法中,但含义不同：
1. cost 指付出代价(劳力、麻烦、精力、生命等).如：
Careless driving will cost you your life. 粗心开车会要你的命.
Just ring him up. It’ll cost you nothing. 给他打个电话,这不费什么事.
2. spend 表示“消耗”“用完”.如：
I’ll spend no more breath on him. 我不会再和他费唇舌.
He spent great efforts to help me. 他费了很大的劲儿来帮我.
3. take 表示需要人力(精力、劳力等).如：
It takes patience. 做这工作需要耐心.
It takes two to make a quarrel. 一个巴掌拍不响.
It took three men to lift the box. 抬这个箱子要 3 个人.
参考资料：百度
其他同学给出的参考思路：
cost 主语可以是it ，也可以是物，一般指花费金钱，take 的主语只能是it,一般既指花费金钱，也只花费时间；spend 主语只能是人，
互助这道作业题的同学还参与了下面的作业题
题1： takecostspend在作为花时间用法的比较[英语科目]
take花费时间,其主语是人,事,或是it一般与不定式搭配表示做某事.
He took an hour to finish the work.
spend花费时间,金钱,主动语态时主语一定为人
spend time/money on sth./in doing sth.
cost 指花费金钱,劳力精力或时间（多为笼统的）其主语为事物或it,做花费解时,不能用于被动语态
The book cost me 2yuan
pay付款,宾语只能为钱主语只能为人
sb.pay money for sth./to do sth.
题2： spendpaycosttake用法spendpaycosttake的用法是什么?[英语科目]
spend的主语必须是人,常用于以下结构：(1) spend time ／money on sth.在……上花费时间（金钱）.例：I spent two hours on this maths problem.这道数学题花了我两个小时.(2) spend time ／ money (in) doing sth.花费时间（金钱）做某事.例：They spent two years (in) building this bridge.造这座桥花了他们两年时间.(3)spend money for sth.花钱买…….例：His money was spent for books.他的钱用来买书了.
cost的主语是物或某种活动,还可以表示“值”,常见用法如下：(1)sth.costs (sb.) ＋金钱,某物花了（某人）多少钱.例：A new computer costs a lot of money.买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱.(2) (doing) sth.costs (sb.) ＋时间,某物（做某事）花了（某人）多少时间.例：Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time.他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词.
注意：cost的过去式及过去分词都是cost,并且不能用于被动句.
take后面常跟双宾语,常见用法有以下几种：(1) It takes sb.＋时间＋to do sth.做某事花了某人多少时间.例：It took them three years to build this road.他们用了三年时间修完了这条路.(2)doing sth.takes sb.＋时间,做某事花了某人多少时间.例：Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon.他花了一下午修车.
pay的基本用法是：(1) pay (sb.) money for sth.付钱（给某人）买…….例：I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month.我每个月要付20英磅的房租.(2)pay for sth.付……的钱.例：I have to pay for the book lost.我不得不赔丢失的书款.(3)pay for sb.替某人付钱.例：Don?蒺t worry!I\'ll pay for you.别担心,我会给你付钱的.(4)pay sb.付钱给某人.例:They pay us every month.他们每月给我们报酬.（5）pay money back 还钱.例：May I borrow 12 yuan from you?I\'ll pay it back next week.你能借给我12块钱吗?下周还你.（6）pay off one\'s money还清钱.
题3： 【take,pay,spend,cost的用法请回答出它们的具体用法,】[英语科目]
spend,cost,take和pay的区别是历年中考试题的必考内容之一,虽然它们都可以表示“花费”,但用法却不尽相同.
spend的主语必须是人,常用于以下结构：(1) spend time ／money on sth.在……上花费时间（金钱）.例：I spent two hours on this maths problem.这道数学题花了我两个小时.(2) spend time ／ money (in) doing sth.花费时间（金钱）做某事.例：They spent two years (in) building this bridge.造这座桥花了他们两年时间.(3)spend money for sth.花钱买…….例：His money was spent for books.他的钱用来买书了.
cost的主语是物或某种活动,还可以表示“值”,常见用法如下：(1)sth.costs (sb.) ＋金钱,某物花了（某人）多少钱.例：A new computer costs a lot of money.买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱.(2) (doing) sth.costs (sb.) ＋时间,某物（做某事）花了（某人）多少时间.例：Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time.他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词.
注意：cost的过去式及过去分词都是cost,并且不能用于被动句.
take后面常跟双宾语,常见用法有以下几种：(1) It takes sb.＋时间＋to do sth.做某事花了某人多少时间.例：It took them three years to build this road.他们用了三年时间修完了这条路.(2)doing sth.takes sb.＋时间,做某事花了某人多少时间.例：Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon.他花了一下午修车.
pay的基本用法是：(1) pay (sb.) money for sth.付钱（给某人）买…….例：I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month.我每个月要付20英磅的房租.(2)pay for sth.付……的钱.例：I have to pay for the book lost.我不得不赔丢失的书款.(3)pay for sb.替某人付钱.例：Don?蒺t worry!I'll pay for you.别担心,我会给你付钱的.(4)pay sb.付钱给某人.例:They pay us every month.他们每月给我们报酬.（5）pay money back 还钱.例：May I borrow 12 yuan from you?I'll pay it back next week.你能借给我12块钱吗?下周还你.（6）pay off one's money还清钱.
spend/cost/pay/take
(1)spend的主语通常是人,往往用于以下句型：
（sb）spend some money/some time on sth.
(sb)spend some money/some time(in)doing sth.例如：
I spent fifty yuan on the coat.
= I spent fifty yuan (in) buying the coat.我花50元买了这件大衣.
He spent three days on the work.
= He spend three days (in) doing the work.我干这项工作用了3天.
(2)take常用于“占用、花费”时间,其主语通常为形式主语“it”或物.句式是：
It takes/took sb.some time to do sth＝Sth.takes sb.some time.例如：
It took me three years to draw the beautiful horses.
画这些漂亮的马花费了我3年时间.
The work will take me two days.这项工作花了2天时间.
(3) pay为“付款、赔偿”之意,主语通常是人,往往是sb.pays some money for sth或pay sb.(some money for sth) 例如：
I paid fifty yuan for the coat.我花50元买了这件大衣.
He has paid the doctor 50 pounds for the medicine?他买药已付医生50英镑.
How much did you pay him?你付他多少钱?
(4) cost的主语必须是某物.spend … on sth．/in doing sth．的主语必须是人.pay … for 的主语也是人.It takes + sb．+ 时间（或钱）to do sth．的主语则必须是形式主语It.动词cost的常用用法是sth.cost (sb.) some money.
如：The dictionary cost me £ 20.
题4： spendtakepaycost的用法[英语科目]
take spend cost pay的用法都可以表示“花费”,但用法却不尽相同.
spend的主语必须是人,常用于以下结构：
(1) spend time ／money on sth.在……上花费时间（金钱）.例：I spent two hours on this maths problem.这道数学题花了我两个小时.
(2) spend time ／ money (in) doing sth.花费时间（金钱）做某事.例：They spent two years (in) building this bridge.造这座桥花了他们两年时间.
(3)spend money for sth.花钱买…….例：His money was spent for books.他的钱用来买书了.
cost的主语是物或某种活动,还可以表示“值”,常见用法如下：
(1)sth.costs (sb.) ＋金钱,某物花了（某人）多少钱.例：A new computer costs a lot of money.买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱.
(2) (doing) sth.costs (sb.) ＋时间,某物（做某事）花了（某人）多少时间.例：Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time.他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词.
注意：cost的过去式及过去分词都是cost,并且不能用于被动句.
take后面常跟双宾语,常见用法有以下几种：
(1) It takes sb.＋时间＋to do sth.做某事花了某人多少时间.例：It took them three years to build this road.他们用了三年时间修完了这条路.
(2)doing sth.takes sb.＋时间,做某事花了某人多少时间.例：Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon.他花了一下午修车.
pay的基本用法是：
(1) pay (sb.) money for sth.付钱（给某人）买…….例：I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month.我每个月要付20英磅的房租.
(2)pay for sth.付……的钱.例：I have to pay for the book lost.我不得不赔丢失的书款.
(3)pay for sb.替某人付钱.例：Don?蒺t worry!I'll pay for you.别担心,我会给你付钱的.
(4)pay sb.付钱给某人.例:They pay us every month.他们每月给我们报酬.
（5）pay money back 还钱.例：May I borrow 12 yuan from you?I'll pay it back next week.你能借给我12块钱吗?下周还你.
（6）pay off one's money还清钱.
题5： 【takecostpayspend的用法】[英语科目]
spend,cost,take和pay的区别是历年中考试题的必考内容之一,虽然它们都可以表示“花费”,但用法却不尽相同.
spend的主语必须是人,常用于以下结构：(1) spend time ／money on sth.在……上花费时间（金钱）.例：I spent two hours on this maths problem.这道数学题花了我两个小时.(2) spend time ／ money (in) doing sth.花费时间（金钱）做某事.例：They spent two years (in) building this bridge.造这座桥花了他们两年时间.(3)spend money for sth.花钱买…….例：His money was spent for books.他的钱用来买书了.
cost的主语是物或某种活动,还可以表示“值”,常见用法如下：(1)sth.costs (sb.) ＋金钱,某物花了（某人）多少钱.例：A new computer costs a lot of money.买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱.(2) (doing) sth.costs (sb.) ＋时间,某物（做某事）花了（某人）多少时间.例：Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time.他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词.
注意：cost的过去式及过去分词都是cost,并且不能用于被动句.
take后面常跟双宾语,常见用法有以下几种：(1) It takes sb.＋时间＋to do sth.做某事花了某人多少时间.例：It took them three years to build this road.他们用了三年时间修完了这条路.(2)doing sth.takes sb.＋时间,做某事花了某人多少时间.例：Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon.他花了一下午修车.
pay的基本用法是：(1) pay (sb.) money for sth.付钱（给某人）买…….例：I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month.我每个月要付20英磅的房租.(2)pay for sth.付……的钱.例：I have to pay for the book lost.我不得不赔丢失的书款.(3)pay for sb.替某人付钱.例：Don?蒺t worry!I'll pay for you.别担心,我会给你付钱的.(4)pay sb.付钱给某人.例:They pay us every month.他们每月给我们报酬.（5）pay money back 还钱.例：May I borrow 12 yuan from you?I'll pay it back next week.你能借给我12块钱吗?下周还你.（6）pay off one's money还清钱.
spend/cost/pay/take
(1)spend的主语通常是人,往往用于以下句型：
（sb）spend some money/some time on sth.
(sb)spend some money/some time(in)doing sth.例如：
I spent fifty yuan on the coat.
= I spent fifty yuan (in) buying the coat.我花50元买了这件大衣.
He spent three days on the work.
= He spend three days (in) doing the work.我干这项工作用了3天.
(2)take常用于“占用、花费”时间,其主语通常为形式主语“it”或物.句式是：
It takes/took sb.some time to do sth＝Sth.takes sb.some time.例如：
It took me three years to draw the beautiful horses.
画这些漂亮的马花费了我3年时间.
The work will take me two days.这项工作花了2天时间.
(3) pay为“付款、赔偿”之意,主语通常是人,往往是sb.pays some money for sth或pay sb.(some money for sth) 例如：
I paid fifty yuan for the coat.我花50元买了这件大衣.
He has paid the doctor 50 pounds for the medicine?他买药已付医生50英镑.
How much did you pay him?你付他多少钱?
(4) cost的主语必须是某物.spend … on sth．/in doing sth．的主语必须是人.pay … for 的主语也是人.It takes + sb．+ 时间（或钱）to do sth．的主语则必须是形式主语It.动词cost的常用用法是sth.cost (sb.) some money.
如：The dictionary cost me £ 20.