【形容词的比较级和最高级】形容词和副词的比较级和最高级变化规则_英语_白痴亠
编辑: admin 2017-13-06
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一、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则
1.一般单音节词和少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词,比较级在后面加-er,最高级在后面加-est;
(1)单音节词
如:small→smaller→smallest short→shorter→shortest
tall→taller→tallest great→greater→greatest
(2)双音节词
如:clever→cleverer→cleverest narrow→narrower→narrowest
2.以不发音e结尾的单音节词,比较在原级后加-r,最高级在原级后加-st;
如:large→larger→largest nice→nicer→nicest able→abler→ablest
3.在重读闭音节(即:辅音+元音+辅音)中,先双写末尾的辅音字母,比较级加-er,最高级加-est;
如:big→bigger→biggest hot→hotter→hottest fat→fatter→fattest
4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词, 把y改为i,比较级加-er,最高级加-est;
如:easy→easier→easiest heavy→heavier→heaviest
busy→busier→busiest happy→happier→happiest
5.其他双音节词和多音节词,比较级在前面加more,最高级在前面加most;
如:beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful
different→more different→most different
easily→more easily→most easily
注意:(1)形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the,副词最高级前可不用.
例句: The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.
(2) 形容词most前面没有the,不表示最高级的含义,只表示"非常".
It is a most important problem.
=It is a very important problem.
6.有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的,必须熟记.
如:good→better→best well→better→best
bad→worse→worst ill→worse→worst
old→older/elder→oldest/eldest
many/much→more→most little→less→least
far →further/farther→ furthest/farthest
二、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的用法
1.“A + be +形容词比较级 + than + B” 意思为“A比B更……”.
如:This tree is taller than that one. 这棵树比那棵树高.
注意:
① 在含有连词than的比较级中,前后的比较对象必须是同一范畴,即同类事物之间的比较.
②在比较级前面使用much,表示程度程度“强得多”.
如:A watermelon is much bigger than an apple.
③ very, quite一般只能修饰原级,不能修饰比较级.
2.“比较级 + and + 比较级”或“more and more +原级”表示“越来越……”
如:It becomes warmer and warmer when spring comes.
春天来了,天气变得越来越暖和了.
It is getting cooler and cooler.
天气越来越凉爽.
The wind became more and more heavily.
风变得越来越大.
Our school is becoming more and more beautiful.
我们的学校变得越来越美丽.
3.在含有or的选择疑问句中,如果有两者供选择,前面的形容词要用比较级形式.
如:Who is taller,Tim or Tom? 谁更高,Tim还是Tom?
4. “the +比较级……, the+比较级”,表示“越……越……”.
The more money you make, the more you spend.
钱你赚得越多,花得越多.
The sooner,the better.
越快越好.
5. 表示倍数的比较级用法:
①. A is …times the size /height/length/width of B.
如:The new building is three times the height of the old one.
这座新楼比那座旧楼高三倍.(新楼是旧楼的四倍高)
②. A is …times as big /high/long/wide/large as B.
如:Asia is four times as large as Europe.
亚洲是欧洲的四倍大.(亚洲比欧洲大三倍)
③. A is …times larger /higher/longer/wider than B.
如:Our school is twice bigger than yours.
我们学校比你们学校大两倍.
6.形容词、副词的最高级形式主要用来表示三者或三者以上人或事物的比较,表示“最……”的意思.
句子中有表示范围的词或短语.如:of the three, in our class等等.
如:He is the tallest in our class.
他在我们班里是最高的.
7."否定词语+比较级","否定词语+ so… as"结构表示最高级含义.
Nothing is so easy as this.
=Nothing is easier than this.
=This is the easiest thing.
8. 比较级与最高级的转换:
Mike is the most intelligent in his class.
Mike is more intelligent than any other student in his class
7.修饰比较级和最高级的词
1)可修饰比较级的词
①.a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等.
②. 还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语.
③. 以上词(除by far)外,必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面.
注意: 使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内.
(错) Tom is the tallest of his three brothers.
(对) Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.
2)下列词可修饰最高级:by far, far, much, mostly, almost.
This hat is nearly / almost the biggest.
注意:
a. very可修饰最高级,但位置与much不同.
This is the very best.
This is much the best.
b. 序数词通常只修饰最高级.
Africa is the second largest continent.
8.要避免重复使用比较级.
(错) He is more cleverer than his brother.
(对) He is more clever than his brother.
(对) He is cleverer than his brother.
9.要避免将主语含在比较对象中.
(错) China is larger that any country in Asia.
(对) China is larger than any other country in Asia.
10.要注意对应句型,遵循前后一致的原则.
The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.
It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.
11.要注意冠词的使用,后有名词的时候,前面才有可能有名词.
比较:Which is larger, Canada or Australia?
Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia?
She is taller than her two sisters.
She is the taller of the two sisters.
互助这道作业题的同学还参与了下面的作业题
题1: 形容词和副词变比较级和最高级中的不规则变化单词有哪些要表格没,初中三年接触到的最好是表格[英语科目]
这个网页上有相关的FLASH可以看.
具体如下:
good/well--better--best
bad/badly--worse--worst
many/much--more--most
far--farther/further--farthest/furthest
little--less--least
late--later/latter--latest/last
我就记得那么多,可能还有.
题2: 形容词、副词比较级和最高级不规则变化不规则变化哦[英语科目]
原级 比较级 最高级
good(好的)/ better best
well(健康的) bad (坏的)/
worse worst ill(有病的)
old (老的) older/elder oldest/eldest
much/many(多的) more most
little(少的) less least
far (远的) farther/further farthest/furthest
题3: 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的变化请列出初中比较常用的形容词和副词最好是列出一个表格[英语科目]
easy easier easiest
lazy lazier laziest
pretty prettier prettiest
naughty naughtier naughtiest
mealy mealier mealiest
early earlier earliest
thirsty thirstier thirstiest
Dull—duller--dullest
Loud-louder--loudest
Boring—more boring—most boring
Creative—more creative—most creative
Warm---warmer--warmest
Expensive—more expensive—most expensive
high,higher,highest large,larger,largest
wet, wetter,wettest busy,busier,busiest
delicious,more delicious,most delicious
heavy,heavier,heaviest
dry,drier,driest
形容词和副词的比较等级分为原级、比较级和最高级.
1.原级的构成和用法
1)构成:形容词、副词的原级形式是形容词、副词的原形.
2)用法:表示双方在程度、性质、特征等某方面相等时,用“as+原级形容词或副词+as”的结构;表示双方不相等时,用“not so(as)+原级形容词或副词+as”的结构.例如:Xiao Wang is as tall as Xiao Liu. This building looks not so(as) high as that one. I’ll try to earn as much as Tom.
2.比较级和最高级的构成和用法
1)比较级和最高级的构成:
①单音节形容词以及少数以er,ow结尾的形容词和副词加“er”,“est”.例如:great,greater,greatest;fast,faster,fastest;clever,cleverer,cleverest;narrow,narrower,narrowest
②以e结尾的单音节形容词和副词,以及少数以ble,ple结尾的双音节形容词和副词后,加“r”,“st”.例如:large,larger,largest;able,abler,ablest;simple,simpler,simplest
③以一个辅音字母结尾的单音节形容词,其前的元音字母发短元音时,该辅音字母要双写,然后加“er”,“est”.例如:hot,hotter,hottest;big,bigger,biggest
④以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词和少数不是形容词加ly构成的副词,要将y改为i,再加“er”,“est”.例如:easy,easier,easiest;early,earlier,earliest
⑤一般双音节词、多音节形容词和副词在原级前加more或most.例如:beautiful,more beautiful,most beautiful;carefully,more carefully,most carefully
⑥少数单音节形容词如real,glad,fond,tired,pleased等也加more和most构成比较级和最高级.例如:tired,more tired;most tired,pleased,more pleased,most pleased.
⑦下列形容词与副词的比较级和最高级有两种构成方法:
crueler cruelest oftener oftenest
cruel{ often{
more cruel most cruel more often most often
stricter strictest friendlier friendliest
strict{ friendly{
more strict most strict more friendly most friendly
⑧下列形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构成不规则:good(well),better,best;bad(ill,badly),worse,worst;many(much),more,most;little,less,least
farther farthest
far{
further furthest
old elder/older eldest/oldest
2)两种比较级(最高级)形式用法上的差别:
older oldest
old{
elder eldest
elder和eldest主要用来表示兄弟姐妹之间的长幼关系,elder不与than连用.例如:She is the eldest of the three(sisters).(She is the eldest sister.) My elder brother is two years older than me. I am his eldest daughter(son).
farther farthest
far {
further furthest
further和furthest也是far的比较级和最高级,但现在furthest用得较少,而further除了表示距离等“较远”之外,还有“进一步”的意思.例如:No further dis-cussion is necessary.没有必要作进一步的讨论.Don’t make any changes till further notice.在另有通知之前,不要做任何变动.
later latest
late{
latter last
later指时间上的“后来;稍后”,而latter指顺序上的“后者”,与the连用.例如:See you later. Betty and Susan are both my girl friends;the former(前者)is slim(瘦)and the latter is plump(胖).
注意:latter常指一段时间的“下一半”.例如:the latter half of the month下半月.latest指时间上的“最迟的、最近的”;last指顺序上“最后的”.例如:one’s latest works某人最近的作品,the last month of the year一年的最后一个月.
A more和most的用法相当自由:
You should ride more.
你必须多骑马.
I use this room most.
这个房间我用得最多.
但当much是原级时,使用范围较小.
B much意为a lot(许多)时可修饰表示否定意思的动词:
He doesn’t ride much nowadays.
现在他不太骑马了.
在表示疑问的句子里much主要与how连用.在没有how的疑问句中可用much,但a lot更常见:
How much has he ridden?
他骑马多吗?
Has he ridden a lot/much?
他近来常骑马吗?
在肯定句中as/so/too+much是可以的.在没有as/so/too的情况下,肯定句中用a lot/a good deal/a great deal会更好:
He shouts so much that…
他叫喊的太厉害了,以至于……
I talk too much.
我说得太多了.
但是说:
He rides a lot/a great deal.
他常骑马.
C very much意为greatly(非常)时,在肯定句中使用比较广泛.
常和它一起用的词有blame(责备),praise(赞扬),thank(感谢)及一些表达感情的动词:admire(钦佩),amuse(使娱悦),approve(赞成),dislike(不喜欢),distress(使烦恼),enjoy(喜爱),impress(使有深刻印象),like(喜欢),object(反对),shock(震惊),surprise(使惊奇)等等:
Thank you very much.
非常感谢你.
They admired him very much.
他们很钦佩他.
She objects very much to the noise they make.
她非常反对他们弄出的噪音.
much(=greatly非常)可以和very连用,也可以省去very而与下列分词连用:admired(受钦佩的),amused(娱悦的),dis-liked(不受喜欢的),distressed(烦恼的), impressed(留有……印象的),liked(受喜欢的),shocked(被震惊的),struck(受巨大影响的),upset(心烦意乱的).
He was(very) much admired.
他很受人钦佩.
She was (very) much impressed by their good manners.
他们彬彬有礼,给她留下了深深的影响.
D much意为a lot(许多)时能够修饰形容词的比较级和最高级及动词:
much better好多了
much the best最最好
much more quickly快多了
much too可与形容词的原级连用:
He spoke much too fast.
他说话说得太快了.
E most放在形容词或副词之前,有“很”的意思.主要与双音节或多音节形容词/副词连用:
He was most apologetic.
他已表示十分的歉意了.
She behaved most generously.
她的行为非常慷慨大度.
题4: 形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的变化规则.形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的变化规则.[英语科目]
形容词、副词的比较级和最高级
A 双音节或多音节副词构成比较级时之前加more,构成最高级时则加most:
单音节副词以及副词early则在词尾加er与est:
hard harder hardest
early earlier earliest(注意y变为i)
B 不规则变化:
well better best
badly worse worst
little less least
much more most
far farther farthest(仅用于指距离)
further furthest(用法较广泛.参见第32节A.)
5.far,farther/farthest和further/furthest的用法
A further,furthest
这两个词同farther/farthest一样,可作表示地点、距离的副词用:
It isn’t safe to go any further/farther in this fog.
在这大雾里再往前走是不安全的.
但它们也可以用于表示抽象的概念:
Mr A said that these toy pistols should not be on sale.
甲先生说这些玩具手枪不应该出售.
Mr B went further and said that no toy pistols should be sold.
乙先生更进一步,说所有的玩具手枪都不该出售.
Mr C went furthest of all and said that no guns of any kind should besold.
丙先生最为激烈,说任何枪都应严禁出售.
B 关于far的用法限制
far的比较级和最高级用法都比较自由:
He travelled further than we expected.
他比我们预料的去得远.
far的原级形式主要用于表示否定和疑问的词句中:
—How far can you see?
—I can’t see far.
—你能看多远?
—我看不太远.
在表示肯定的词句中a long way要比far更常见.a long way away也要比far away常见:
They sailed a long way.
他们航行了很远.
He lives a long way away.
他住得离这里很远.
但very far away也是可以的,而so/quite/too+far和far+enough也是可以的:
They walked so far that…
他们走了如此远,以致……
They walked too far.
他们走得太远了.
We’ve gone far enough.
我们已经走得够远了.
far也可用于表示抽象的概念:
The new law doesn’t go far enough.
这条新的法律还不够严厉.
You’ve gone too far!
你太过份了!(你太侮辱人了/架子太大了/太蛮横无礼了等.)
表示程度时的副词far,应与比较级或与too/so+原级形式连用:
She swims far better than I do.
她游泳要比我游得好多了.
He drinks far too much.
他酒喝得太多了.
6.much,more,most
A more和most的用法相当自由:
You should ride more.
你必须多骑马.
I use this room most.
这个房间我用得最多.
但当much是原级时,使用范围较小.
B much意为a lot(许多)时可修饰表示否定意思的动词:
He doesn’t ride much nowadays.
现在他不太骑马了.
在表示疑问的句子里much主要与how连用.在没有how的疑问句中可用much,但a lot更常见:
How much has he ridden?
他骑马多吗?
Has he ridden a lot/much?
他近来常骑马吗?
在肯定句中as/so/too+much是可以的.在没有as/so/too的情况下,肯定句中用a lot/a good deal/a great deal会更好:
He shouts so much that…
他叫喊的太厉害了,以至于……
I talk too much.
我说得太多了.
但是说:
He rides a lot/a great deal.
他常骑马.
C very much意为greatly(非常)时,在肯定句中使用比较广泛.
常和它一起用的词有blame(责备),praise(赞扬),thank(感谢)及一些表达感情的动词:admire(钦佩),amuse(使娱悦),approve(赞成),dislike(不喜欢),distress(使烦恼),enjoy(喜爱),impress(使有深刻印象),like(喜欢),object(反对),shock(震惊),surprise(使惊奇)等等:
Thank you very much.
非常感谢你.
They admired him very much.
他们很钦佩他.
She objects very much to the noise they make.
她非常反对他们弄出的噪音.
much(=greatly非常)可以和very连用,也可以省去very而与下列分词连用:admired(受钦佩的),amused(娱悦的),dis-liked(不受喜欢的),distressed(烦恼的), impressed(留有……印象的),liked(受喜欢的),shocked(被震惊的),struck(受巨大影响的),upset(心烦意乱的).
He was(very) much admired.
他很受人钦佩.
She was (very) much impressed by their good manners.
他们彬彬有礼,给她留下了深深的影响.
D much意为a lot(许多)时能够修饰形容词的比较级和最高级及动词:
much better好多了
much the best最最好
much more quickly快多了
much too可与形容词的原级连用:
He spoke much too fast.
他说话说得太快了.
E most放在形容词或副词之前,有“很”的意思.主要与双音节或多音节形容词/副词连用:
He was most apologetic.
他已表示十分的歉意了.
She behaved most generously.
她的行为非常慷慨大度.
6.使用各比较等级的句子结构
两个分句中都要求使用同一动词时,我们通常用助动词来表示第二个动词.
A as+原级+as用于肯定句,as/so+原级+as用于否定句:
He worked as slowly as he dared.
他干活敢多么磨蹭就多么磨蹭.
He doesn’t snore as/so loudly as you do.
他打鼾的声音没有你响.
It didn’t take as/so long as I expected.
花的时间比我预料的短.
B than与比较级连用:
He eats more quickly than I do/than me.
他比我吃得快.
He played better than he had ever played.
过去任何时候都演奏得好.
They arrived earlier than I expected.
他们比我预料的到得早.
the+比较级…the+比较级结构中也用副词:
The earlier you start the sooner you’ll be back.
你出发得越早,回来得就越早.
C 最高级可与of+名词连用:
He went(the)furthest of the explorers.
在所有探险者中他走得最远.
但这种结构不常用.这类句子应当用比较级来表达,如上文所述.副词的最高级(不加the)+of all这种结构很常用,但all常指同一主语的其他动作:
He likes swimming best of all.
他最喜欢游泳.(他喜欢游泳胜过其他一切运动.)
这时of all可以省
题5: 形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的变化规则首先然后再帮我归纳下特殊的,比如bad-worse恩我更多想知道特殊的[英语科目]
形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的变化规则基本是一样的,一般少音节的词的比较级+er,最高级+est.多音节的比较级在这个词的前面+more,最高级在这个词的前面+the most 不同的是 副词前面的the可以省略
嗯嗯 特殊的只有少数 初中就只有这几个 good-better-best bad-worse-worst many/much--more--most
far--farther/further--farthest/furthest
little--less--least
late--later/latter--latest/last
等等这些都是称不规则变法的,所以没有规律,只有靠自己牢牢的记住咯