退避三舍(tuìbìsānshè) 解释比喻退让和回避，避免冲突。 出处《左传·僖公二十三年》：“晋楚治兵，遇于中原，其辟君三舍。” 用法补充式；作谓语、定语；含贬义 示例我们在遇到困难时不要～，而要设法解决它。 近义词委曲求全 反义词针锋相对、锋芒毕露 灯谜一再让住房 英文retreattoavoidaconflict 典故 春秋时候，晋献公听信谗言，杀了太子申生，又派人捉拿申生的弟弟重耳。重耳闻讯，逃出了晋国，在外流亡十几年。 经过千幸万苦,重耳来到楚国。楚成王认为重耳日后必有大作为，就以国群之礼相迎，待他如上宾。 一天，楚王设宴招待重耳，两人饮酒叙话，气氛十分融洽。忽然楚王问重耳：“你若有一天回晋国当上国君，该怎么报答我呢？”重耳略一思索说：“美女待从、珍宝丝绸，大王您有的是，珍禽羽毛，象牙兽皮，更是楚地的盛产，晋国哪有什么珍奇物品献给大王呢？”楚王说：“公子过谦了，话虽然这么说，可总该对我有所表示吧？”重耳笑笑回答道：“要是托您的福。果真能回国当政的话，我愿与贵国友好。假如有一天，晋楚国之间发生战争，我一定命令军队先退避三舍（一舍等于三十里），如果还不能得到您的原谅，我再与您交战。” 四年后，重耳真的回到晋国当了国君，就是历史上有名的晋文公。晋国在他的治理下日益强大。 公元前633年，楚国和晋国的军队在作战时相遇。晋文公为了实现他许下的诺言，下令军队后退九十里，驻扎在城濮。楚军见晋军后退，以为对方害怕了，马上追击。晋军利用楚军骄傲轻敌的弱点，集中兵力，大破楚军，取得了城濮之战的胜利。 英文典故： RetreatingaboutThirtyMilesasConditionForPeace DuringtheSpringandAutumnPeriod(770-476B.C.),DukeXianoftheStateofJinKilledthecrownprinceShengbecausehehadheardslandersaboutShengandbelievedthem.HealsosenthismentoarrestChongEr,ShenShengandbelievedthem.HealsosenthismentoarrestChonhEr,ShenSheng'sbrother.Hearingthenews,ChongErescapedfromthestateofJin,remainingafugitiveformorethantenyears. Afterinnumerablehardships,ChongErarrivedattheStateofChuatlast.KingChengoftheStateofChutreatedhimwithhighrespectashewouldhavetreatedtherulerofastate,believingthathewouldhaveavrightfuure. Oneday,KingChengoftheStateofChugaveabanquetinhonoudrofChongEr.Suddenly,amidtheharmoniousatmosphereofdrinkingandtalking,KingChengoftheStateofChuaskedChongEr."HowwillyourepaymewhenyoureturntotheStateofJinandbecomeitsruleroneday?"Afterthinkingforamoment,ChongErsaid,"Youhaveplentyofbeautiesandattendantsaswellasjewelryandsilkcloth,andthestateofChuaboundsinrarebridesandanimals.WhattreasurecantheStateofJinboasthavingtopresenttoyourmajesty?"KingChengoftheStateofChusaid,"Youaretoomodest.Nevertheless,youstillhavetoshowyourgratitudetomeinonewayoranother,Ipresume?"Smiling,ChongEranswered,"IfIshouldbefortunateenougetoreturntotheStateofJinandbecomeitsruler,theStateofJinwouldbefriendlytotheStateofChu.If,oneday,thereshouldbeawarbetweenthetwostates,IwoulddefinitelyordermytroopstoretreatthreeSHE(oneSHEisequivalenttothirtyLI.TheLIisaChineseunitoflengthequivalentto1/2kilometre.And,therefore,threeSHEisaboutthirtymiles.)asaconditionforpeace.If,underthatcondition,youwerestillnotreconciled,Iwouldhavetofightwithyou." Fouryearslater,asmightbeexpected,ChongErreturnedtotheStateofJinandbecameitsruler.HewasnoneotherthanDukeWenoftheStateofJinfamousinancientChinesehistory.Ruledbyhim,theStateofJinbecameincreasinglypowerful. Intheyear533B.C.,theChutroopsandtheJintroopsconfrontedeachotherinabattle.Faithfultohispromise,DukeWenoftheStateofJinorderedhistroopstoretreataboutthirtymiles.Afterretreating,theJintroopswerestationedatChengpu.SeeingthattheJintroopswereretreating,theChutroopsthoughtthattheenemytroopswereafraid,andbeganchasingthem.TakingadvantageoftheChutroops'arroganceandtheirtalkingtheJintroopslightly,theJintroopsconcentratedtheirforcesandinflictedacrushingdefeatontheChutroops,thuswinningthevictoryofthebattleofChengpu. Thissetphrase,"retreatingaboutthirtymilesasaconditionforpeace,"isderivedfromtheChapter"TheTwenty-secondYearofDukeXi"inZuoZhuan,thefamouscommentarybyZuoQiumingonThespringandAutumnAnnals.Theideaofthissetphraseistogivewaytosomebodyinordertoavoidaconflict.
