请问在定语从句中which和that用法有什么区别？
编辑： admin 2017-27-02
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在定语从句中,which 和that 在指代事物时,一般可以互换使用,但并非在任何情况下都是这样,这里介绍宜用that, 而不宜用which 的情况.
①先行词为不定代词,all,much,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,the one等,
1.We should do all that is useful to the people .
2.There's nothing that can be said about it .
3.Do you mean the one that was bought yesterday?
②先行词被only, any, few, little, no, just, very, one of等词修饰时.
1.The only thing that we could do was to wait.
2.That's the very word that is wrongly used.
The last place (that) we visited was the chemical works.
You can take any (=whichever) seat that is free.
I hope the little that I can will be of some help to them.
比较 *This is one of the best novels that were published last year.
*This is the only one of the best novels that was published last year.
③先行词是序数词时或被序数词修饰时.
1.When we talk about Wuxi, the first that comes into mind is Tai Lake.
2.This is the third film that has been shown in our school this term.
④先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时.
1.This is the best that can be done now.
2.The most important thing that should be done right now is how to stop him from going on.
⑤先行词既有人又有物,用which和who都不适合,这时宜用that. 如：
1.The writer and his novel that you have just talked about is really well known .
2.The rider and his bike that had run over an old woman were held up by the police.
⑥被修饰词为数词时.
1.Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water .Now you can see the two that are still alive .
⑦如果有两个从句,其中一个关系代词已用which ,另一个关系代词宜用that,以避免语言的单调或重复.
Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.
⑧疑问词是who或which,关系代词宜用that,以避免重复.
1. Which is the book that you like best?
2. Who is the man that is standing at the gate?
⑨主句是There be 结构,修饰其主句的定语从句宜用that 作关系代词. 如：
1. There is still a seat in the corner that is still free.
⑩被修饰成分为表语时,或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时,该关系代词宜用that .
1. That's a good book that will help you a lot.
2. My home village is no longer the place ( that ) it used to be .
定语从句中宜用which而不宜用that 的情况:
①当关系代词的前面有介词时.
1.A zoo is a park in which many kinds of animals are kept for exhibition.
2.Is this the room in which Mr. White lives?
②在非限制性定语从句中.
1.Crusoe's dog, which was are now very old, became ill and died .
2.More and more people are beginning to learn English, which is becoming very popular in our country. (which指代主句)
③在一个句子中有两个定语从句,其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了that, 另一个宜用which .
1. Let me show you the novel,that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.
2. At the station I bought some magazines that might help me to pass the time on the train and which I could pass on to others when I finished them.
④当关系代词后面带有插入语时.
1. Here's the English grammar which, as I have told you, will help improve your English.
⑤先行词本身是that, 宜用which .
What's that which she is looking at?
⑥先行词是those+复数名词.
A shop should keep a stock of those goods which sell best.
提示：
which修饰的是物，that修饰的是人
在句子中有比较级，最高级或序数词时，只能用that
类似问题
类似问题1：定语从句中 which\ that 的用法与区别[英语科目]
修饰物体时关系代词that和 which的区分
使用that的情况：
1.当先行词是nothing,something,anything,all,each等不定代词时.
e.g.Do you have anything that is important to tell me?
2.当先行词被all,any,some,no,not,every,each等修饰时.
e.g.I have some books that are very good.
3.当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词所修饰时.
e.g.This is the first book that I bought myself.
The biggest bird that I caught is this bird.
4.主句是以which或who开头的特殊疑问句时
e.g.Which is the bike that you lost?
Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting.
5.当先行词在从句和主句中都作表语时,无论先行词是人还是物.
China is no longer the country that she was.
6.如有两个定语从句,其中一个已用which引导,另一个宜用that .
Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.
7.在there be句型中,只用that.
He asked for the latest book (that) there is on the subject.
8.当先行词被the very,the last,the next,the only 等词修饰时.
e.g.This is the very book that I lost yesterday.
9.当先行词又有人又有物时.
e.g.I won’t forget the things and the persons that I saw.
只能使用which的情况.
1、非限制性定语从句中.
e.g.Mary has a book,which is very precious.
2、在介词之后.
e.g.This is a house in which lives an old man.
3、当主句中的主语被that修饰时.
e.g.That dog which I found in the street belongs to Mary.
类似问题2：在定语从句中which和that的用法区别不要把有关定语从句的内容全部堆上来我只问什么时候只能用that,什么时候只能用which最好举一二个例子就可以了thanx[英语科目]
定语从句只能用that 的几种情况
1．当先行词是anything,everything,nothing (something 除外),few,all,none,little,some 等代词时,
Have you taken down everything that Mr.Li has said?
2.当先行词被序数词修饰
(1) The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.
3.当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时
(1) This is the best film that I have seen.
4.当形容词被the very,the only修饰时
(1) This is the very dictionar5.当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时
(1) Who is the man that is standing there?
(2) Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?
6.当先行词既有人,也有动物或者物体时
(1) Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have lear只能用which
在介词后面的关系代词用which而不能用that.即“介词+which（代物）”
1.The picture for which he paid $1,000 was once owned by a duke.
【他花了1000美元买下的画曾为一名公爵所拥有.】
类似问题3：初中英语定语从句中that和which的用法[英语科目]
II.that与which,who,whom的用法区别：
情况\x09 用法说明\x09 例句
只用that的情况\x09
先行词为all,everything,anything,nothing,little,much,等不定代词时.
先行词被all,any,every,each,much,little,no,some,few等修饰时
先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时
先行词既指人又指物时
先行词被the only,the very修饰时
句中已经有who或which时,为了避免重复时\x09
1.He told me everything that he knows.
2.All the books that you offered has been given out.
3.This is the best film that I have ever read.
4.We talked about the persons and things that we remembered.
5.He is the only man that I want to see.
6.Who is the man that is making a speech?
只用which,who,whom的情况\x09在非限制性定语从句中,只能用which指代物,用who/whom指人
在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中,只能用which指物,whom指人.
先行词本身是that时,关系词用which,先行词为those,one,he时多用who.\x09
He has a son,who has gone abroad for further study.
I like the person to whom the teacher is talking.
Those who respect others are usually respected by others.
类似问题4：请问what、which、that在定语从句中用法的区别[英语科目]
注意：what不可以用在定语从句中.
定语从句的关系代词 that的用法:若先行词指人或物则代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语
The animal that \which is lost is a panda.
先行词 指物代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语
She is the person that \who we are worried about.
先行词 指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语
which引导的定语从句的用法
which可以引导定语从句,修饰表示事物的先行词,在定语从句中充当主语、宾语或者表语.例如：He was reading a book,which was about war.他正在读一本关于战争的书.（关系代词which在修饰book的定语从句中充当主语.）
He was reading a book,which he had bought from London.他正在读一本书,这本书是从伦敦买回来的.（关系代词which在修饰book的定语从句中充当宾语.）
which引导非限定性定语从句时有一个特殊用法,即它所引导的非限定性定语从句修饰主句中更多的部分甚至整个主句（这时被定语从句所修饰的“先行词”要作广义理解）,which仍在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语.例如：
He set free the birds happily,which was a celebration for his success.他开心地把鸟放了,这是对他成功的一种庆祝.
把非限定性定语从句“which was a celebration for his success”的先行词视为主句中的“the birds”显然不符合整句的语境,被“which was a celebration for his success”所修饰的是整个主句,which所引导的这类特殊的非限定性定语从句对主句所叙述的情况进行某种意义的补充说明,which常可译为“这一点,这件事”.
类似问题5：定语从句that which what用法什么时候只能用which,不能用that．什么时候只能用that,不能用which．什么时候只能用that,不能用what．什么时候只能用what,不能用that．[英语科目]
18. 定语从句
定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词.定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出.
关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等.
关系副词有：when, where, why等.
18.1 关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分.关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致.
1）who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是你想见的人吗?（who/that在从句中作主语）
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天见的那个人.（whom/that在从句中作宾语）
2) Whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换）, 例如：
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙.
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书.
3）which, that
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,例如：
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣.（which / that在句中作宾语）
The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了.(which / that在句中作宾语）
18.2 关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语.
1）when, where, why
关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构,因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用,例如：
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候.
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地.
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?
2）that代替关系副词
that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句,在口语中that常被省略,例如：
His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了.
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方.
18.3 判断关系代词与关系副词
方法一： 用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词.及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词.例如：
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.
判断改错（注：先显示题,再显示答案,横线；用不同的颜色表示出.）
（错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
（错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
（对） This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
（对） I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起.此两题错在关系词的误用上.
方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状),也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词.
例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
答案：例1 D,例2 A
例1变为肯定句： This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.
例2变为肯定句： This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.
在句1中,所缺部分为宾语,而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用,只有the one既做了主句的表语,又可做从句的宾语,可以省略关系代词,所以应选D.
而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全,从句部分为句子的状语表地点,既可用副词where,又因 in the museum词组,可用介词in + which 引导地点状语.而此题中,介词on 用的不对,所以选A.
关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分,先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时,选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose)； 先行词在从句中做状语时,应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语,when 时间状语,why 原因状语) .
18.4 限制性和非限制性定语从句
1) 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种.限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分,去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明,去掉了也不会影响主句的意思,它与主句之间通常用逗号分开,例如：
This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子.（限制性）
The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的.（非限制性）
2) 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时,其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的,例如：
Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理•史密斯去年退休了,他曾经是我的老师.
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园.
This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人,我已经读了三遍.
3) 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数,例如：
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思,这使我心烦.
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽,这就叫做蒸发.
说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句.
18.5 介词+关系词
1）介词后面的关系词不能省略.
2）that前不能有介词.
3） 某些在从句中充当时间,地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换.
This is the house in which I lived two years ago.
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?
Do you remember the day when you joined our club?
18.6 as, which 非限定性定语从句
由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句,as和which可代整个主句,相当于and this或and that.As一般放在句首,which在句中.
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.
典型例题
1）Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.
A. it B. that C. which D. he
答案C. 此为非限定性从句,不能用 that修饰,而用which.,it 和he 都使后句成为句子,两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接.况且选he句意不通.
2）The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.
A. what B. which C. that D. it
答案B.which可代替句子,用于非限定性定语从句,而what不可.That 不能用于非限定性定语从句,it不为连词,使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通.
3）It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..
A. that B. which C. as D. it
答案B.
as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时,这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思,且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语.但不同之处主要有两点：
(1） as 引导的定语从句可置于句首,而which不可.
(2） as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时,从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词,则从句中的关系代词只能用which..
在本题中,prevent由于是行为动词,所以正确选项应为B.
As 的用法
例1. the same… as；such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样…….
I have got into the same trouble as he (has).
例2. as可引导非限制性从句,常带有'正如'.
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
As is know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
As是关系代词.例1中的as作know的宾语；例2中,它充当从句的主语,谓语动词know要用被动式.
18.7 先行词和关系词二合一
1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here.
(Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替)
2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school.
(what 可以用all that代替)
18.8 what/whatever;that/what; who/whoever
1）what = the thing which；whatever = anything
What you want has been sent here.
Whatever you want makes no difference to me.
2) who= the person that whoever= anyone who
（错）Who breaks the law will be punished.
（错）Whoever robbed the bank is not clear.
（对）Whoever breaks the law will be punished.
（对）Who robbed the bank is not clear.
3) that 和 what
当that引导定语从句时 ,通常用作关系代词,而引导名词性从句时,是个不充当任何成分的连接词.宾语从句和表语从句中的that常可省略.What只能引导名词性从 句, 用作连接代词,作从句的具体成分,且不能省略.
I think (that) you will like the stamps.
What we need is more practice.
18.9 关系代词that 的用法
1）不用that的情况
a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时.
(错) The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.
b) 介词后不能用.
We depend on the land from which we get our food.
We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.
2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
a) 在there be 句型中,只用that,不用which.
b) 在不定代词,如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时,只用that,不用which.
c) 先行词有the only, the very修饰时,只用that.
d) 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时,只用that..
e) 先行词既有人,又有物时.
举例：
All that is needed is a supply of oil.
所需的只是供油问题.
Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.
那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察.